JRG Journal of Academic Studies

Review: the moral question in the anthropology in antology

2025-07-07T15:39:53+02:00

This review aims to provide notes that, in general terms, address the work “The Moral Question: a critical anthology”, organized by French researchers Didier Fassin and Samuel Lézé, which, in locating and compiling texts by different authors and at different times, illustrate not only the development of anthropology as a field of knowledge, but also its evolution as scientific knowledge that reveals the values of morality as a guiding axis for individuals and social practices.

The relationship between Obstetric Violence and Breastfeeding in a Baby-Friendly Initiative Maternity Hospital.

2025-08-11T00:18:31+02:00

Objective: To describe the relationship between obstetric violence and breastfeeding among puerperal women in a maternity hospital accredited by the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI). Method: This was a cross-sectional study in which 110 puerperal women took part. The data obtained was entered manually into a Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet and analyzed using the Jamovi software, describing absolute and relative frequencies. Results: The study consisted of 110 puerperal women, the occurrence of obstetric violence was reported with emphasis on physical violence and more than half of the women breastfed in the first hour after birth and made skin-to-skin contact. Conclusion: Breastfeeding involves factors that go beyond the biological, and obstetric violence is one of the factors that can affect the success of this practice, measures such as professional training, guidance to women and accreditation as an HFHI are essential to promote good practices and breastfeeding.

Use of LED in the prevention of radiodermatitis in breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial

2025-08-07T17:37:50+02:00

INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy is a common treatment for breast cancer, but one of its frequent adverse effects is radiodermatitis, a skin toxicity. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been proposed as an approach to prevent or minimize these changes in irradiated skin by acting on inflammatory processes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of PBM through LED therapy in preventing radiodermatitis in breast cancer compared to standard local care. METHODS: This is a single-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted with women diagnosed with breast cancer and undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) between March and September 2024 at the Radiotherapy Outpatient Clinic of Hospital de Base IGESDF. Participants were divided into two groups: (1) Control Group, which received standard skin care with the device turned off, and (2) PBM Group, treated with LED panels applied to the breast and axillary regions at a dose of 4.8 Joules for 10 minutes, twice a week after radiotherapy. RESULTS: The results showed that 16 patients were included (control = 9 and treatment = 7). Radiodermatitis in the breast area was less frequent in the PBM group compared to the control group (12.6% vs. 50% - p=0.015). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that photobiomodulation may be effective in preventing acute radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients, and further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Multidrug-resistant E. coli infection in healthcare units: A systematic literature review

2025-05-21T01:19:39+02:00

Bacterial resistance currently represents a significant threat worldwide, which has been mobilizing and worrying health entities and institutions, especially since the group of bacteria comprised of pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli is one of the most worrying due to the recent levels of multidrug resistance reached. In this context, the objective of the study was to analyze the epidemiology, characterizing infection sites, virulence and resistance mechanisms, as well as to describe the current situation of possible therapies for urinary tract infections caused by the uropathogenic strain. A systematic review was carried out using bibliography provided by the Ministry of Health and selection of original articles in online indexers, following the items of the Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), which described the epidemiology of E. coli multidrug resistance. As a result, after screening, we obtained 16 studies included in the qualitative synthesis. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the current scenario is challenging, given the increasing percentages of multidrug resistance in the country and limited therapeutic alternatives.

Utilization of a mobile application as an adjunct tool for the management of urinary incontinence in pregnant women

2025-08-04T15:22:28+02:00

Urinary incontinence is defined as any involuntary loss of urine and is commonly classified into three main types: stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence, and mixed urinary incontinence. This condition is prevalent among women, particularly during pregnancy, due to factors such as increased intra-abdominal pressure, fetal compression on the pelvic floor musculature, and neuromuscular injuries associated with vaginal delivery. With the advancement of technology, mobile health (mHealth) applications have emerged as supportive tools for pregnant women, providing features such as Pelvic Floor Muscle Training. These digital resources aim to promote self-management and improve adherence to conservative therapeutic strategies. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review to identify mobile applications available for the management of urinary incontinence in pregnant women. The search was performed in the PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and SciELO databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. Eligible studies included original research articles, clinical trials, cross-sectional studies, and feasibility studies. Out of 434 articles initially retrieved, only six met the inclusion criteria after the screening and eligibility assessment. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, focusing on variables such as type of application, intervention duration, and methodological design. The findings highlight the promising role of mHealth technologies as innovative and accessible tools to support the treatment of urinary incontinence in pregnant women.

Sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients hospitalized for Covid-19 in a teaching hospital

2025-08-06T16:31:04+02:00

The need to expand knowledge about the relationship between the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients is evident, considering the severity of the disease and unique aspects of care. The objective of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients hospitalized for covid-19 in a teaching hospital. This is a documentary, retrospective, quantitative study, carried out based on the analysis of 153 physical medical records of patients hospitalized for covid-19 between March 2020 and March 2022. Data analysis was carried out using an exploratory method, with a time lapse of the bibliography of the last five years. There was a predominance of females (82) (53.59%), age group 30 to 39 years (36) (23.53%), brown race (84) (54.90%), single marital status (63) (41.18%), and high school diploma (41) (26.80%). The most frequent occupations were self-employed, bricklayer, and fisherman (34, 22.22%), followed by retirees (18, 11.54%), and those with incomes up to 1 minimum wage (6, 3.90%). Most patients came from hospitals or emergency care units in the capital (83, 54.25%). The most frequent comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (58, 26.73%) and diabetes mellitus (37, 17.05%). Mild cases of covid-19 accounted for the majority (81, 52.94%), followed by severe cases (19, 12.42%). It is concluded that the study contributed to assessing the sociodemographic and clinical profile of covid-19 patients in the hospital setting, potentially guiding and qualifying patient care.

Epidemiological Comparison in Oral Health - Brazil 2010 and 2023

2025-08-04T04:00:58+02:00

This study presents a comparative analysis of the epidemiological data on oral health obtained in the editions of the SB Brazil Project held in 2010 and 2023. The research focuses on indicators such as the DMFT index in children aged 12 and adults aged 35 to 44, in addition to the proportion of individuals free from caries. The data show a trend of improvement in the oral health of the population, reflecting advances in public policies, especially with the expansion of the Brasil Sorridente program and the Oral Health Teams in Primary Care. Despite progress, regional inequalities and challenges in adult and elderly care persist. The analysis highlights the importance of preventive strategies, intersectoral actions and continuous investments for the maintenance and expansion of these advances. The study reinforces the need for updated and disaggregated data to guide more effective and equitable oral health policies in Brazil.

Art Education as a Territory of Encounter and Development

2025-07-01T00:35:00+02:00

This experience report discusses how art education, beyond a mere technical resource, emerges as a space for exchange and discovery where children are protagonists. The proposal is to mediate and foster the spontaneous flow of collectivity, moving away from predetermined and restrictive views of art. This work analyzes the "Cirandar" project, developed in a school, which aimed to invite a group of children to engage in perception, observation, and a sense of collectivity through music and movement, contributing to their holistic development. The study is an analytical experience report, aligned with the perspective of meanings and qualitative epistemology. It recognizes lived experience as a legitimate form of knowledge production, valuing the researcher's involvement and the ethical dimension of practice. The "Cirandar" project, involving over one hundred children in circular dance activities and circle songs, demonstrated improved synchronicity, the formation of a collective concept, and strengthened bonds. There was also an expansion of cultural repertoire, improved concentration, and increased engagement from the entire school community. Artistic activities promote the development of individual and collective consciousness, non-verbal expression of corporeality, cultural and sensory broadening, fostering autonomy and affectivity, and enhancing concentration. Art mobilizes higher psychological functions and reconfigures the subject-world relationship, promoting humanization. By integrating music and dance, art education transcends disciplinary fragmentation, activating senses, imagination, and subjective expression. It asserts itself as a powerful field for shaping sensitive, creative, and critical individuals, driving more humane and meaningful educational experiences.

University Extension as a Preventive Tool Against Zoonoses in Lower Secondary Education

2025-07-19T04:27:42+02:00

University extension is one of the pillars of higher education, playing a fundamental role in promoting integration between university and society through actions that encourage social development, civic engagement, and the democratization of knowledge. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an extension activity focused on the prevention of zoonoses among middle school students at Escola Municipal João Ferreira Matos, in Jaguarari-BA, Brazil. The methodology consisted of two stages: a theoretical explanation about four zoonoses (rabies, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and spotted fever), followed by playful activities using educational games ("Zoonosis Trail," "Rabies Domino," and "Zoonosis Board Game"). The results showed a high level of student participation and good assimilation of the topics covered. The use of playful methods favored meaningful learning, aroused students' interest, and encouraged the collective construction of knowledge. The discussion suggests that using games as a pedagogical tool not only facilitates the teaching-learning process but also promotes student protagonism and the sharing of information with the community. Based on this, it became evident that university extension, when combined with active and interactive methodologies, is an effective strategy for strengthening health education. It not only raises awareness but also directly contributes to the fight against zoonoses and to the strengthening of public health at the local level.

Tu, você or cê? A sociolinguistic perspective on the second-person singular pronoun in brazilian portuguese

2025-06-06T22:17:43+02:00

In this article, we discuss the pronominal variation of the second-person singular in Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on the forms tu, você, and cê, from a sociolinguistic perspective. We conducted a literature review, articulating the principles of the Theory of Linguistic Variation and Change (Labov, 2008) and the Theory of Power and Solidarity (Brown & Gilman, 1960). We explore the historical aspects of the grammaticalization of você, the treatment of these forms in both prescriptive and descriptive grammars, the regional distribution patterns, and the linguistic and social factors that influence their selection. Throughout the analysis, we demonstrate that these pronominal forms not only coexist, but are mobilized according to linguistic and extralinguistic factors. By acknowledging this variation, we aim to contribute to a critical reflection on the actual uses of the language.

The Impacts of Employee Turnover on Workers' Health in the United States of America

2025-07-02T18:18:07+02:00

This narrative review aimed to assess the impacts of employee turnover on the health of workers in the United States. High turnover rates have become increasingly frequent, especially in post-pandemic and economically unstable environments, bringing adverse effects not only to organizational productivity but also to the physical and mental health of remaining employees. The methodology included a qualitative review of scientific articles, dissertations, and theses from platforms such as Scielo, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The main findings reveal that employee turnover contributes to increased stress, anxiety, burnout, and even physical conditions such as heart disease and musculoskeletal problems. Older employees and those in insecure jobs are particularly vulnerable. Turnover also disrupts work-life balance and team dynamics, increasing the likelihood of dissatisfaction and surge the agitations. Financially, high turnover generates direct and indirect costs related to hiring, training, and productivity losses. The conclusion emphasizes that managing turnover effectively is vital to preserving not only organizational health but also individual well-being. Strategies such as individualized HR practices, mental health promotion, and predictive analytics are suggested. Ultimately, turnover affects not just the departing employees but significantly burdens those who stay behind. Further research is recommended to explore organizational-level solutions to mitigate the health impacts of high turnover.

Teaching through assessment: the construction of learning in the early years of elementary school beyond the classification logic

2025-07-18T01:46:00+02:00

This article discusses assessment in the early years of elementary school as an essential tool for promoting students' comprehensive development. It advocates for a formative, continuous, and reflective approach to assessment that seeks to understand learning processes and respect students' unique characteristics. Assessment should be understood as a process that aims to support learning and inclusion, not as an end in itself. To achieve this, it is necessary to change the culture of assessment, which is often seen as a classificatory and punitive mechanism. Qualitative research was conducted to better understand how assessment is viewed and practiced by teachers. Based on authors such as Luckesi, Vasconcellos, and Perrenoud, it advocates for a formative approach to assessment that seeks to understand learning processes and support student development. The article highlights the importance of assessment practices that are more consistent with the formative approach, such as self-assessment, co-assessment, the use of portfolios, reflective journals, systematic observations, interdisciplinary projects, and constructive feedback. The conclusion is that promoting an assessment culture that contributes to the comprehensive development of students requires changes in teacher training, pedagogical planning, and the collective engagement of the school community. Assessment must be understood as a critical and ethical tool to support learning and inclusion.

Effects of physical exercise on the health status of children with cystic fibrosis: a systematic review

2025-07-01T20:10:55+02:00

Introduction: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a chronic and progressive genetic disease that affects multiple systems, especially the respiratory system, leading to airway obstructions due to viscous secretions. These factors impact children's quality of life, compromising daily, school, and recreational activities. Thus, physical exercise emerges as a potentially beneficial intervention, and it is necessary to investigate the effects of exercise in the treatment of children with CF. Objective: To verify the scientific evidence present in the literature regarding the effectiveness of physical exercise on the health status of children with Cystic Fibrosis. Methodology The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE based on the question developed through the PICO strategy. Using different combinations of the following keywords: “cystic fibrosis”, “child”, “physical exercise”, randomized controlled clinical trials published between 2019 and 2024, involving children up to 12 years old diagnosed with CF, were selected. In addition, the methodological quality of the articles was assessed by the PEDro scale. Results: A total of 240 studies were initially found, with only 6 meeting the previously chosen inclusion criteria. Among them, the interventions included aerobic, resistance, postural and combined exercises that analyzed different outcomes such as functional capacity, muscle strength, quality of life, bone mineral density, respiratory function and cardiac variability. Conclusion: Physical exercise showed positive results in the treatment of children with Cystic Fibrosis, with improvements in functional capacity, muscle strength and quality of life. However, longer studies, large samples and homogeneous protocols are needed to consolidate practical and specific recommendations for this population.

Keywords: cystic fibrosis; child; physical exercise; systematic review.

Sustainability and family farming in a mountain community in the semi-arid region of Bahia

2025-07-12T18:14:25+02:00

This research addresses the productive and social dynamics of family farmers in the Adro de São Gonçalo community, located in the mountainous region of the municipality of Itiúba, Bahia. The objective is to analyze the farmers' profile and the local agricultural production and marketing process. A qualitative methodology was used, with data collection based on analysis of the registration forms of members of the Itiúba Mountains Rural Products Community Association (ACPRS) and field research. The field phase lasted one year and included weekly visits to the farms, the open-air market, and ACPRS meetings. Observation and listening were conducted during farm work, association meetings, and conversations at the open-air market. The entire community works on family farming, which is the main source of local income. It was observed that the farmers have a low level of education, with men being less educated than women. Agriculture is carried out entirely manually and organically, with traditional soil care practices, planting, cultivation, and management practices such as pruning, weeding, and the use of natural fertilizers to treat plant diseases. Beans and corn are the most widely cultivated legumes and grasses, while mangoes, oranges, avocados, and lemons are among the fruits. Produce is sold at the open-air market in the municipal center, and surplus produce is used within the community to feed people and animals, as well as to fertilize the soil. The community's agricultural activity is sustainable and aligns with agroecological practices, also aiming for a circular economy and full utilization of production.

The role of the nurse in pediatric palliative care: an integrative literature review

2025-06-29T19:28:07+02:00

The role of nurses in pediatric palliative care is essential to ensuring humanized and comprehensive care for children and their families. These professionals play a central role in symptom management, emotional support, and continuous care for families throughout the entire care process. The objective of this study is to identify and summarize, in the national literature, the role of nurses in the palliative care of pediatric patients. This is an integrative literature review, conducted using the BVS and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) databases. The following descriptors were used: oncology, palliative care, hospitalized child, psychological stress, patient comfort, neoplasms, nursing professional role, nurse, and cancer. The Boolean operator used was "AND". Empirical articles and literature reviews published in full, in Portuguese, in Brazil, between January 2010 and March 2023 were included. Duplicates, commentaries, editorials, grey literature, and articles that did not address the study objective were excluded. A total of 3,106 articles were found, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The findings revealed that nursing practice in pediatric palliative care must be humanized, empathetic, and centered on the needs of the child and their family. The main focus is on pain relief, comfort, and the promotion of quality of life, with emphasis on effective communication and the use of playful strategies. The importance of professional training is also highlighted, as it is crucial for providing sensitive and comprehensive care in end-of-life situations. The role of nurses in pediatric palliative care is fundamental for promoting comfort, emotional support, and quality of life for children and their families. Specific training for healthcare professionals is indispensable to ensure ethical, sensitive, and holistic care.

Factors associated with discontinuation of HIV treatment: an integrative review

2025-06-27T15:29:23+02:00

Introduction: Treatment dropout rates in HIV-infected patients are high, resulting in negative treatment outcomes and subsequent spread of HIV. Objective: to conduct an integrative literature review in order to understand the factors associated with HIV treatment dropout. Methodology: A literature survey was conducted in October 2024, in renowned databases. The descriptors used were: ‘‘Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome” AND ‘’Patients who drop out of treatment” AND ‘’Patient acceptance of health care” AND ‘’Epidemiology’’ and, in English, ‘’Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome” AND ‘’Patients who drop out of treatment’’ AND ‘’Patient acceptance of health care’’ AND ‘’Epidemiology’’. Thus, 9 articles were selected, being included according to the eligibility criteria: articles in English and Portuguese, in the last five years, involving factors associated with HIV treatment abandonment. The exclusion criteria were: literature review articles or meta-analysis. Results: From the data analysis, it was possible to verify that most authors reported that there are several factors associated with ART treatment abandonment, involving sociodemographic characteristics such as being male, single, socioeconomic factors, low educational level and young age, but also events such as pregnancy, hospitalization, infection by an opportunistic disease and clinical progress can have an impact in treatment adherence. And not only that, but also side effects, clinical status, drug use, mental health problems, homelessness or unstable housing, stigmatization, among other factors. Conclusion: Failure to adhere to ART is a public health problem. It is essential to implement or improve public policies, improve communication, access and distribution of medicines, and carry out educational actions, such as lectures, to combat stigma. This work aims to serve as a basis for future research on the subject.

Health of the transgender population in Brazil: an integrative review

2025-06-07T00:33:40+02:00

The transgender population in Brazil faces multiple barriers to accessing health care, marked by historical and social inequalities. The scarcity of data, insufficient training of professionals, and the absence of adequate care practices contribute to negative outcomes that disproportionately affect this population. This study aimed to gather and analyze available data on the health conditions of the transgender population in Brazil, through an integrative literature review. The search was conducted in the SciELO and PubMed databases, from 2019 to 2025, using the descriptors “Transgender People”, “Data Analysis”, and “Health”, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria and comprised the corpus of the analysis. The main results indicate high rates of psychological distress, mental disorders, suicide attempts, and self-harm. Also noteworthy is the frequent use of hormones without a medical prescription, in addition to the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and low vaccination coverage. These data reveal the urgency of actions that promote more inclusive care, with effective public policies, ongoing training of professionals and increased access to services. It is concluded that promoting the health of the transgender population requires intersectoral commitment and sensitivity to their specificities.

Epidemiological characterization of mortality from heart failure in the state of Piauí, Brazil, 2013-2023

2025-08-05T19:33:56+02:00

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical condition characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, ankle swelling, and fatigue, caused by structural and/or functional heart abnormalities. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological characterization of HF mortality in the state of Piauí between 2013 and 2023. Methods: This is an epidemiological study with data collected from Death Certificates registered in SIM/DATASUS. Descriptive data analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies, organized in tables. Results: During the studied period, 4,789 deaths due to HF were recorded in the state. Most of the victims were male (52.99%), mixed-race (67.94%), aged 80 and over (49.29%), illiterate (53.42%), and married (42.52%). Additionally, more than half of the deaths occurred in a hospital setting (66.74%). Conclusion: These results indicate the need for the implementation of early preventive strategies, risk factor diagnosis, strengthening access to proper treatment, and promoting healthy habits to improve quality of life and significantly reduce HF mortality in the state of Piauí.

Nursing interventions in dengue prevention and control: an integrative review of practices and results

2025-06-27T17:42:18+02:00

Introduction: Dengue is a viral disease primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, representing a serious public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions. In Brazil, the climate conditions favor the proliferation of the vector, making the disease endemic. As there is still no specific cure, prevention is essential, with an emphasis on breeding site control, educational campaigns, and strengthening primary health care. Methodology: This study is an integrative literature review with a qualitative approach. The research was built upon articles indexed in the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), and Google Scholar. Results and Discussion: The study was based on the analysis of 12 scientific articles published between 2014 and 2024, selected from SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar, focusing on nursing interventions in the prevention and control of dengue. The selection followed specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis identified 98 keywords, with the most frequent being “Dengue,” followed by “Health,” “Nursing,” and “Education,” highlighting the scientific emphasis on preventive and educational practices carried out by nursing professionals. Conclusion: Nursing interventions in the prevention and control of dengue are fundamental pillars for health promotion and for addressing this arbovirus, which remains a significant public health challenge.

Fake news and the maintenance of the political public sphere: Disinformation as a Threat to Human Rights and Democracy

2025-07-07T23:12:19+02:00

The spread of fake news is not a modern phenomenon, although the term “fake news” has recently gained notoriety. History shows that the manipulation of information has always been a tool of domination, used to distort reality and seize power. From a philosophical perspective, politics arises from the creation of a public space for debate, where free individuals engage in dialogue and make collective decisions, as opposed to the isolation of private life. Hannah Arendt was instrumental in investigating how totalitarian regimes sought to undermine this public space in order to exercise control. With technological advances, attacks on the public space have become more modern. Currently, the dissemination of fake news in the virtual environment occurs rapidly and without prior control, fragmenting the space for dialogue and replacing it with extremism, isolation, and hate speech. Given this, this work starts from the following question: how does the dissemination of fake news contribute to eroding the public political space? A qualitative approach is adopted, using exploratory procedures and bibliographic methods, based on articles and academic texts on political freedom in Arendt, seeking to understand how her theory helps explain the phenomenon of fake news. The objective is to use Arendtian thought as a theoretical lens to analyze this contemporary dynamic. After discussing the impact of fake news on the public sphere, the work revisits its historical use as a constant threat to democracy, highlighting the need for regulation. It concludes that the preservation of the public sphere requires not only legal measures against disinformation, but above all, citizen awareness of the political role of information and an ethical commitment to the truth.

Nursing and the clinical evaluation of military divers in the fire departments of three northeastern brazilian states

2025-07-06T14:31:23+02:00

Introduction: Military diving activities impose risks to physical and mental health, requiring continuous clinical monitoring. The absence of specific protocols compromises the safety of military firefighters divers, especially in the Northeast region, where preventive nursing actions are scarcely evidenced. Objective: To analyze the role of nursing in the clinical assessment of divers and how this evaluation is conducted in the Fire Departments of three states in the Northeast. Methodology: A descriptive study with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Twenty-five military divers from States A, B, and C participated. Data collection was performed through a structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analyzed by thematic content analysis. States and participants were not identified. Results: Most participants had advanced technical training and less than 10 years of experience. In 87.0% of cases, there was no periodic clinical follow-up; 100% reported the absence of institutional protocols for pre- and post-dive assessments; only 4.3% regularly underwent laboratory tests. Nursing care was limited to emergencies. There was dissatisfaction with health assistance (95.7%) and lack of knowledge about specific regulations (100%). Discussion: Institutional weaknesses and the absence of nursing policies in clinical evaluation were evident, representing an occupational risk. Conclusion: The study revealed an extreme deficiency in health care for military divers, highlighted the need for effective and qualified nursing practice, and emphasized the urgency of developing clinical protocols and preventive strategies to ensure safe, humane, and effective care.

Therapeutic approaches in polycystic ovary syndrome associated with obesity: an integrative literature review

2025-06-10T03:05:44+02:00

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age, often associated with obesity and insulin resistance, which aggravates their clinical and metabolic condition. It is estimated that approximately 50% of women with PCOS are overweight or obese. This study aimed to review, through an integrative literature approach, the main current evidence on therapeutic interventions in the management of PCOS associated with obesity. The research was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, using the PICO strategy to structure the systematic search in the PubMed, Cochrane, LILACS and CINAHL databases, including publications between 2014 and 2024. Twenty-seven studies that evaluated women diagnosed with PCOS, according to the Rotterdam criteria, and with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m² were selected. The main stages included weight loss, improvement of metabolic, hormonal and reproductive function parameters. The results showed that drugs such as metformin, liraglutide, exenatide, beinaglutide, orlistat and roflumilast promote benefits in body composition, insulin resistance and hormonal regulation. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as the DASH diet, low-calorie diets, supplementation with myo-inositol, carnitine, chromium, in addition to regular supervised physical exercise and motivational support, also demonstrated efficacy. It is concluded that combined strategies, involving lifestyle changes and drug therapies, are more effective in the management of PCOS with obesity, bringing clinical and metabolic improvements and in the quality of life of these patients.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of autism spector disorder in children: a global overview

2025-05-09T23:58:57+02:00

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder described by the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a persistent deficit in communication and social interactions in different environments, involving limitations in social reciprocity, in the use of gestures and facial expressions during interactions, as well as in the ability to create, maintain and interpret interpersonal bonds. Additionally, behaviors characterized by repetitive and restricted patterns are observed, both in actions and in interests and in daily activities. The present study sought to evaluate the clinical aspects of this disorder in children, as well as its epidemiology in the global context. Methods: Narrative review of the literature in the Lilacs, PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Scielo databases, using the keywords Epidemiology, General Symptoms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Childhood with the Boolean operator and. Twenty-two full articles published from 2000 to November 2024 were included. Twenty-six articles that were not aligned with the proposed theme were excluded after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: Studies indicate that the broad spectrum of ASD allows variation in the presence and intensity of some symptoms; however, clinically it presents as a deficit in social interaction and communication, associated with restrictive and repetitive behavior patterns. Regarding the epidemiological aspect, a higher prevalence was observed in males, advanced parental age, perinatal and neonatal complications, in addition to prenatal exposures such as maternal infections, obesity, gestational diabetes, use of antidepressants from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class, antibiotics, and exposure to toxins. Ethnic, socioeconomic, and regional factors remain controversial due to the lack of standardization of the analysis method. Conclusion: It is concluded that knowledge of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of ASD is essential to optimize the clinical management of this disorder.

The invisibility of children and adolescents with disabilities in the profile desired by adopters in Pernambuco, based on data from the National Adoption and Foster Care System

2025-06-12T00:47:25+02:00

This study analyzed the invisibility of children and adolescents with disabilities within the preferred adoption profiles in the state of Pernambuco, based on empirical data extracted from the National Adoption and Foster Care System (SNA). Using a mixed-methods approach, the research revealed an alarming mismatch: while 1,086 children with disabilities were available for adoption in Brazil in 2025, only 1,885 of the 33,662 registered prospective adoptive parents declared themselves willing to adopt them. In the specific context of Pernambuco, it was observed that the effective adoption rate of this group is significantly lower, evidencing a structural pattern of exclusion. The main factors identified were ableism, the idealization of the "perfect child," and the lack of adequate support. The study concluded that inclusive adoption requires coordinated public policies to support families, permanent awareness campaigns, and technical preparation for adoptive parents and legal teams. It was also found that legal provisions aimed at inclusion often operate symbolically, without effective practical application. The research contributes to the institutional debate on equity within the adoption system, offering data and reflections that can inform public policies that are more sensitive to diversity and more committed to ensuring the right to family life.

Use of geoprocessing in the generation of the soil map of the Camaratuba river watershed – Paraíba

2025-05-11T01:47:37+02:00

consisting of natural catchment areas that channel rainwater runoff into a water body. Accurate soil characterization in these areas is essential for assessing agricultural potential and proposing sustainable land use strategies. Soil classification in Brazil was updated by Embrapa (2018), making it necessary to reclassify previously studied areas. This study aimed to reclassify the soils of the Camaratuba River watershed using the updated methodology of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (Embrapa, 2018), with the support of the open-source software QGIS version 3.26. Based on the adopted methodology, a new soil map of the watershed was generated, identifying four main soil classes: Plinthosols (Argiluvic), Quartzarenic Neosols, Thionic Gleysols, and Fluvic Neosols. Plinthosols (Argiluvic) were the most representative, occupying 61.17% of the watershed area, while Thionic Gleysols accounted for only 1.31%. The results reflect the region's geological and climatic conditions, characterized by deep, weathered soils, with limestone rocks in the western portion and sedimentary formations such as sandstones and siltstones (Francisco et al., 2023). The distribution of the drainage network and artesian wells showed a higher concentration of structures in the western sector of the watershed, which is also related to local geology. It was found that Plinthosols (Argiluvic) are predominant in the Camaratuba River watershed, followed by Quartzarenic Neosols. The use of QGIS software proved effective in generating maps and performing spatial analysis of soils, contributing to the area's environmental planning. The application of Embrapa’s updated guidelines enabled a relevant revision of the pedological classification, which is essential to support actions in management, conservation, and the rational use of the watershed’s natural resources

The nurse's role in ostomy care: an integrative review

2025-07-05T23:22:39+02:00

Nursing care for ostomized patients requires specialized practice that goes beyond technical skills, encompassing welcoming, health education, and psychosocial support. The complexity of this care highlights the need for proper professional training, as well as the adoption of evidence-based practices. This study aimed to gather and synthesize the available national literature on nursing care provided to ostomized patients. It is an integrative literature review conducted in the BVSalud database and the SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), using the following descriptors: “stoma,” “nursing care,” “role of the nursing professional,” “nurses,” “patients,” “inclusive education,” “teaching,” “ostomy care,” and “ostomy,” employing the Boolean operator AND. Empirical texts, literature reviews, monographs, theses, and dissertations published between January 2020 and March 2025, available in full, in Portuguese, and published in Brazil were included. Duplicated texts, commentaries, editorials, and articles not addressing the study objective were excluded. A total of 1,416 articles were found, of which 14 were included for qualitative analysis. The analyzed studies highlight the central role of nurses in promoting self-care, rehabilitation, and improving the quality of life of patients with ostomies. Although training initiatives and care protocols exist, weaknesses persist in academic preparation and the structure of the healthcare network. Recurring barriers include insufficient technical training, lack of resources, and limited emotional support. In this context, strategies such as advanced nursing practice, the use of educational technologies, and greater family involvement have shown promise in enhancing the quality of care and supporting patients’ social reintegration. This study demonstrated that care for ostomized individuals must be comprehensive, continuous, and humanized, requiring investment in professional education and the implementation of more effective health policies. The role of nurses is essential to ensure the safety, autonomy, and quality of life of these patients.

Clinical and laboratory profile of kidney recipients regarding biomarkers of mineral and bone disorders

2025-07-03T03:03:58+02:00

Kidney transplantation is the ideal therapy for advanced kidney disease, aiming to restore homeostasis of affected systems, such as renal function and bone metabolism. However, after undergoing hyperplasia, the parathyroid glands may undergo reabsorption of calcium from the bones and hypophosphatemia, even after transplantation, requiring continuous monitoring. This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study, carried out from the medical records of kidney transplant patients undergoing outpatient follow-up at a university hospital in Recife-PE, aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory conditions of these patients. Data collection included sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory information. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 30.1 software, and data normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The study involved 177 medical records, with ages ranging from 21 to 76 years. Most patients were brown (79.1%). Only (8.5%) of the patients had completed higher education. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (70.6%), and the glomerular filtration rate indicated that most patients were in stage 2 of chronic kidney disease (33%). The diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism was found in few patients (9%). In addition, there was a predominance of patients who were not followed up by the Mineral and Bone Disorders outpatient clinic (91%). It is possible to conclude that the profile of the patients in the study is predominantly male, of mixed race, with a mean age of 50 years and low education. Most received transplant after hemodialysis, with hypertension being the most common comorbidity. Hemodialysis was the most reported renal therapy as a form of treatment and laboratory tests indicated high levels of phosphorus, creatinine and parathyroid hormone.

Technologies for care transition at hospital discharge of adult patients: protocol for a scoping review

2025-05-07T14:54:55+02:00

The transition of care at the time of hospital discharge represents a critical phase for ensuring continuity of care and patient safety in adult populations. In this context, health technologies have emerged as promising tools to support this process, offering assistance from discharge planning through to post-discharge monitoring. However, the potential benefits and limitations of these technologies remain insufficiently synthesized in the scientific literature. This study presents the protocol for a scoping review aimed at mapping the available evidence on technologies used to support the transition of care for adult patients at hospital discharge. The review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The review is guided by the following question: What are the strengths and limitations of the technologies employed in the transition of care for adult patients at the time of hospital discharge? Searches will be carried out across seven electronic databases using controlled health-related vocabulary, in addition to gray literature retrieved from four complementary sources. Three independent reviewers will perform the screening and analysis of the studies, with a fourth reviewer available to resolve any disagreements. Primary studies employing various methodological approaches will be included, as well as gray literature such as manuals, dissertations, theses, books, and protocols, published in English or Spanish. Findings will be presented narratively, in tables, and through visual diagrams, following the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.

Auriculotherapy in primary care: a chronological analysis in brazilian regions

2025-07-22T14:58:19+02:00

The Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health (PICS) are therapeutic approaches aimed at promoting, preventing, and recovering people's health. They have been part of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) since 2006, with the establishment of the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (PNPIC), which highlights the importance of public participation in health, especially within Primary Health Care (PHC). Since then, PICS have gained supporters and prominence within the SUS context and in the approaches made available by municipalities. Among the practices implemented in the public health service, auriculotherapy stands out. It is a technique of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat physical and emotional pain through stimulation of the ear. This approach is considered easily accessible and low-cost, which facilitates its application during PHC consultations.
Objective: This study aims to present a chronological analysis of the growth of auriculotherapy in the Brazilian regions, considering the increasing availability of PICS within SUS.
Method: Data were collected from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) regarding auriculotherapy procedures performed in PHC across the five Brazilian regions between 2020 and 2024.
Results: Data analysis confirmed a higher number of procedures performed during the study period in all Brazilian regions.
Conclusions: Considering that, in recent years, SUS has provided training in auriculotherapy for PHC professionals, a linear increase in the availability of this PICS has been observed, directly contributing to health promotion. Furthermore, the importance of these tools is evident in improving healthcare delivery and allowing a clearer understanding of the different needs across Brazilian regions, thereby promoting equity by providing more training in areas that still face challenges in offering integrative/complementary treatments.

Keywords: PICS; Auriculotherapy; Primary Health Care; SUS; DATASUS

The experience of a woman’s partner with breast cancer

2025-07-21T20:01:38+02:00

Introduction: Considering the great social and emotional impact that the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer has on the lives of women and their partners, it is necessary to analyze how partners feel when faced with their wife's diagnosis of breast cancer. Objective: to understand the experience of the partner of a woman with breast cancer, in the period that covers diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Method: 15 companions of women diagnosed with breast cancer, users of the reference hospital in João Pessoa-PB, were interviewed and the content analysis proposed by Bardin was used as a methodological reference. Results: three categories were identified: Feelings experienced upon receiving the diagnosis of the disease; Social support received in the natural process of the disease; Changes in the marital relationship. The companions reported that they feared losing their companions when they witnessed their suffering in the face of the diagnosis, but they hid their feelings as a way of strengthening both of them. Conclusion: marital support for coping with the disease served as a foundation in the complex process involving the disease.

The Role of Nurses in the Care of NCDs in Primary Health Care

2025-07-05T01:21:44+02:00

This study addressed the essential role of nurses in caring for Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases (NCDs) in Primary Health Care (PHC), highlighting their functions in continuous monitoring, health education, and emotional support for patients. Nurses play a crucial role in health promotion and in the management of NCDs, in addition to implementing strategies for preventing complications and improving the quality of life for patients. Health education, focused on behavior change and treatment adherence, is one of the primary interventions used by nurses to improve self-management and reduce complications. However, several challenges were identified, such as workload overload, lack of resources, and the need for continuous training. Interprofessional integration was identified as an essential factor for improving care and ensuring the effectiveness in managing NCDs. It is concluded that strengthening the nurse’s role in PHC, through continuous training and improving working conditions, is essential to ensure effective care and promote the quality of life of patients with NCDs.

Causes of breast milk loss in human milk collection centers

2025-07-21T20:39:12+02:00

Introduction: Breastfeeding is essential for child development and provides significant benefits for both mothers and infants. The donation of human milk is vital for the nutrition of vulnerable newborns; however, losses resulting from nonconformities compromise its effectiveness. Issues such as dirtiness, acidity, and contamination negatively affect the quality of donated milk. Objective: To identify the causes of losses and nonconformities in human milk at Human Milk Collection Centers (PCLH). Method: This was an ecological study with a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of nonconformity report data from 2023 to 2024 at the Human Milk Collection Center of Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (CAAE 84805624.0.0000.5183). A structured instrument was used to record variables such as volume donated, dirtiness, acidity, contamination, viable and non-viable milk. Results: The sample included 911 donors, classified as exclusive or general. Exclusive donors provided milk for their own hospitalized newborns, while general donors donated to any newborn in need. The majority of donations (72.75%) came from general donors, totaling 554,798 liters, while exclusive donors contributed 207,811 liters (27.25%). Of the total volume of 762,609 liters, only 259,936 liters (34.09%) met quality standards, while 502,673 liters (65.91%) showed nonconformities—mainly due to dirtiness (55.38%) and acidity (10.53%). Conclusion: Human Milk Banks and Collection Centers play a crucial role in neonatal health by ensuring the supply of breast milk to at-risk infants. The study revealed significant milk losses, particularly due to dirtiness and acidity. Investing in the training of professionals, good milking practices, hygiene, storage, and the use of monitoring technologies is essential. Raising awareness among donors and strengthening public policies can reduce losses, optimize the use of collected milk, and promote the well-being of the newborns who benefit from it.

Pain beyond the physical: the need for a holistic approach in managing total pain syndrome in oncology

2025-07-02T03:55:12+02:00

Total pain syndrome, which encompasses physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions, is often underdiagnosed, negatively impacting patients' quality of life. The lack of preparedness among healthcare professionals to address this complexity exacerbates patient suffering, especially in palliative care settings. This article aims to report the experience of a nursing technician in caring for oncology patients with total pain syndrome, highlighting gaps in care and proposing strategies for a more humanized and comprehensive approach. This is an experience report based on the first author’s practice over 10 years in a hospital unit, focusing on the care of adult oncology patients. A lack of training among the multidisciplinary team to diagnose and manage total pain syndrome was identified, leading to fragmented care focused solely on relieving physical pain. Work overload and the absence of specific protocols hinder a holistic assessment of pain. As solutions, the article proposes professional training, multidisciplinary integration, the inclusion of spiritual support, and increased awareness among healthcare managers about the need for more humanized care. Total pain syndrome demands a holistic and interdisciplinary approach, emphasizing professional development and the implementation of protocols that address all dimensions of pain. Changes in care practices, such as active listening and multidimensional assessment, are essential to improve patients' quality of life and to promote more dignified and effective care.

Microbiological, toxicological and phytochemical analysis of the plant species Bromelia laciniosa Mart. (Macambira)

2025-07-16T05:32:41+02:00

Bromelia laciniosa (Macambira), a member of the Bromeliaceae family, is a terrestrial species native to the semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil, with numerous significant applications. This study evaluated the dried crude extract of B. laciniosa for its phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and toxicity. The toxicological test was performed using the Artemia salina lethality assay, which indicated low toxicity (LC₅₀ > 1000 µg/mL). The antimicrobial activity, tested via agar dilution against standard bacterial strains, revealed inhibition zones for Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, in the antiparasitic test involving direct exposure to the extract, no significant effect was observed. Phytochemical screening identified tannins (via ferric chloride reaction), flavonoids (through aluminum chloride reaction), and phytosterols (Liebermann-Burchard test). The results suggest that B. laciniosa extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against specific strains, low toxicity, and the presence of promising bioactive compounds, indicating the plant's potential as a therapeutic source.

“Remember Me”, a memorial to COVID-19 victims on social media: experience report

2025-06-25T14:36:36+02:00

Objective: To share the experience of the university extension project on social media, conceived as a tribute to the victims of COVID-19. Methodology: This is a descriptive experience report on a program of curricular extension activities (PACE), called "Remember Me: Virtual Memorial to the Victims of COVID-19 in the Amazon", which was implemented during emergency distance learning from August to December 2020. Results: The use of Facebook and Instagram social media accounts to pay virtual tributes to the victims of COVID-19 allowed for reflection on death and mourning, as well as remembrance practices based on aspects of Mexican culture. The posts were made on All Souls' Day and were well received, with positive comments from participants. Conclusion: PACE had a significant social impact, enabling relatives and friends to pay their respects virtually through social media, demonstrating resilience and resilience during the pandemic, providing comfort and helping in the grieving process of these individuals, as well as showing that social media was an indispensable tool for centralizing the dissemination of information.

Keywords: social media, virtual memorial, communication, COVID-19.

Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV: a narrative review

2025-06-16T23:06:57+02:00

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite responsible for trichomoniasis, a common asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection (STI), which is associated with complications such as vaginal inflammation and an increased susceptibility to HIV infection. Tissue damage and the local immune response may facilitate viral entry. This study aims to examine the association between trichomoniasis and HIV, as well as its implications for public health. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted through searches in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. The selection criteria included open-access articles published within the past five years, using the DECS descriptors “Trichomonas vaginalis,” “HIV,” and “Women.” Results: The literature indicates that co-infection with Trichomonas vaginalis and HIV enhances viral transmission and disease progression due to factors such as genital inflammation, mucosal disruption, and alterations in the genital microbiota. Additionally, asymptomatic male carriers serve as vectors, while adolescents and pregnant women constitute particularly vulnerable populations. Mechanisms including elevated viral load and the modulatory role of galectins further intensify the risk. Consequently, early detection and treatment are essential to reduce complications and transmission rates. Conclusion: Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis significantly increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. Therefore, its management should be incorporated into comprehensive STI control strategies, including prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment, with a particular emphasis on at-risk populations.

Lactose in the pharmaceutical industry: properties and applications

2025-07-07T20:50:17+02:00

Lactose, a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose, is the primary carbohydrate found in mammalian milk and is biosynthesized by the enzyme lactose synthase. Its physicochemical properties, including mutarotation, are influenced by factors such as temperature, pH, and solvent type, making it a compound of significant interest across various applications. In industry, lactose plays a crucial role in both food and pharmacology. It is extensively utilized as a pharmaceutical excipient, particularly in tablets and inhalation powders, owing to its ability to enhance drug stability, solubility, and flow characteristics. The commercial production of lactose involves whey crystallization, yielding either α-lactose monohydrate or anhydrous β-lactose, each possessing distinct properties suitable for different contexts. Furthermore, the reactivity of lactose's hydroxyl groups facilitates the synthesis of derivatives with therapeutic and prebiotic applications, such as lactulose and β-galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which have demonstrated benefits for intestinal health. While the safety of lactose consumption is well-documented, lactose intolerance, stemming from lactase enzyme deficiency, remains a substantial concern for a segment of the population. The stability of lactose monohydrates is critical for ensuring the integrity of pharmaceutical products; however, its reducing potential may necessitate considering alternative excipients in specific formulations or in cases of galactosemia. The global pharmaceutical lactose market is currently experiencing significant expansion, propelled by the growth of the broader pharmaceutical industry and continuous technological advancements, thereby solidifying lactose's position as an indispensable excipient in innumerous applications.

Applications of 3d printing in industrial design: advances, materials, and sustainability

2025-07-04T14:53:28+02:00

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has established itself as a transformative technology in industrial design, offering new possibilities in prototyping, mass customization, and sustainable development. This study presents a narrative literature review that analyzes the main technological advances, the materials employed, and the environmental implications of 3D printing within the context of industrial design. A total of 38 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2024 were selected from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The findings indicate that this technology has driven innovation in design and production processes, particularly through the use of advanced software, generative algorithms, and integration with emerging digital technologies. The diversity of materials, including polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites, expands the range of applications, although technical, regulatory, and economic challenges still limit its large-scale adoption. From an environmental perspective, 3D printing stands out for reducing waste and enabling practices aligned with the circular economy. However, further development of regulatory frameworks and robust life cycle assessments is needed. It is concluded that 3D printing represents a paradigm shift in industrial design, with significant potential for sustainable innovation and future advances toward more efficient and integrated models.

Health Education in Type 2 Diabetes Management: An Experience Report in Primary Health Care

2025-07-07T23:27:02+02:00

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main health challenges faced by professionals in Primary Health Care. Food and nutrition education emerges as a key strategy for T2DM patient care due to its potential to promote self-management, debunk dietary myths, and encourage accessible healthy choices considering regional food culture and economic constraints.This study aims to report the experience of an educational intervention on diabetes, addressing its health impacts. It is an experience report conducted at the Lúcio Flávio Primary Health Care Unit in the Betânia neighborhood of Manaus, focusing on mindful eating for individuals with T2DM. The intervention was designed using participatory methodologies, emphasizing community knowledge, social bonds, and self-care autonomy. Interactive tools such as the "Conscious Plate Challenge" and discussion groups on food labeling addressed topics like macronutrient balance, ultra-processed food consumption, and critical analysis of food packaging. The initiative achieved its short-term goals by fostering knowledge, critical reflection, and shared responsibility among participants regarding their dietary choices. Results demonstrate that health education, when grounded in dialogue, active listening, and respect for local food culture, has transformative potential in holistic care for chronic conditions. This reaffirms the strategic role of Primary Health Care as a space for empowerment and social justice.

Teaching in times of artificial intelligence: adaptation or professional reinvention?

2025-07-07T23:57:38+02:00

This article aims to critically reflect on the impacts of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on teaching practices, analyzing whether the integration of such technologies in the educational context requires mere adaptation or a true reinvention of the teacher's role. Using a bibliographic review methodology, the study selected publications from 2020 to 2025, including articles authored by the researcher, which discuss the use of AI in the teaching-learning process from different perspectives. The analysis revealed that although AI-based tools can optimize planning, assessment, and personalized learning, their effectiveness depends directly on the teacher's critical and intentional mediation. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the adoption of these technologies must consider social inequalities and ensure equitable access and teacher training. The study concludes that the presence of AI in education does not replace teachers but demands a reconfiguration of their practice, guided by ethical, pedagogical, and humanizing principles. Thus, teaching in times of artificial intelligence requires a conscious movement of professional reinvention, aiming for more meaningful, inclusive, and student-centered education.

Justice in favor of nature: the Xingu River as a subject of rights in the case of the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric pla

2025-07-09T23:43:16+02:00

Taking into account an anthropocentric context of rivers and waters, they are not matters of law, given this scenario, nature constantly suffers human actions, most of the time they are devastating. This work addressed the issue of the history of the construction of the Belo Monte plant, which was built along the bed of the Xingu River, being a project marked by struggles, resistance and in controversies, both in the environmental sphere and in the violation of the rights of indigenous peoples. Ask yourself: will there be an anxious change in parameters regarding the rights of nature, which include rivers, their basins, their tributaries and their waters so that they are, in fact, protected? This research aimed to study the concept of rights of nature, its historical evolution and its contemporary relevance in the context of the global environmental crisis. The methodology used was bibliographical research, which consists of reviewing the literature related to the topic addressed. To this end, books, periodicals, articles, websites, complaints, lawsuits, among other sources were used. Therefore, it is concluded, based on the research, that rivers, in scientific decisions, are matters of law, through a legal representative, due to their civil legal incapacity and, in this context, there is the possibility of them being considered, as proven by this work, subjects of Law. The rights of nature have emerged as an interdisciplinary field of study that seeks confidentiality and protection of protective rights to ecosystems and natural elements.

Being a teacher and the Education of Young People and Adults

2025-07-22T20:46:35+02:00

This article presents a study covering the theme of youth and adult education mode and assumptions of teacher training, in order to clarify and provide educators and stakeholders an insight into the front significant observations theme in the educational sector. Delineated by a qualitative approach, aims to characterize the formation of teachers active in mode and their professional training needs for expertise in adult and youth education for quality of teaching and learning and students ' incentive. It is worth mentioning that the adult and youth education refers to our ability to access to the right to education prescribed by law, to those kids and adults who, for some reason, did not have access to schooling or could not complete it. And, to which access is effected so exorbitant, the professionals involved and responsible for this range of teaching, need to get the expansion of knowledge through continuing training programmes in order to achieve, together with the offer of a significant learning, adding values to the methods used in teaching content components of the curriculum, respecting the peculiarities and limitations of each student.

Benefits of paternal participation for newborn in the intensive care unit: an integrative review

2025-07-17T19:12:44+02:00

Introduction: Prematurity is any birth occurring before 37 completed weeks of gestation, and can be classified, according gestation age, into extreme prematurity (from 22 to less than 28 weeks), severe prematurity (from 28 to less than 32 weeks) and moderate or late (from 32 to less than 37 weeks). Differents facts influence, such as: genetic, sociodemographic, environmental and especially those reletad to pregnancy. The active presence of the father in the neonatal care has been emphasized by ministerial standards, being seen as eesential for the development of the father, mother, baby triad, providing emotional and psychological benefits for the family. The kangaroo method is a proposal for humanized care for low birth weight newborns, promoted by brazilian the Ministry of Health, Its aims to integrate the family, into neonatal care, especially in cases of prematurity, and is developed in three stages, in the first stage, the presence of the fathers in the neonatal intensive care unit is encouraged, in the second stage, their participation is intensified, highlighting the importance of partenal involvement. Objective : The final objective of this work will be to review the literature to identify the benefits of paternal participation in the stages of the kangaroo method. Methodology : An integrative review of current scientific literature was carried out, which consists of searching for data based on keyword research and analysis of relevant studies that meet the eligibility criteria, based on the last 10 years (2014 to 2024). The search was carried out in the VHL database (LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE and academic GOOGLE).

Consumer Protection Legal Guarantees in Online Purchase and Sale Contracts in Brazil

2025-08-01T13:38:11+02:00

This article analyzes the specificities of consumer electronic contracts within the Brazilian legal context, highlighting their formation, characteristics, and distinctions in relation to traditional physical contracts, while also addressing their similarities. The research adopts a qualitative, exploratory, and documentary approach, based on the analysis of current legislation, specialized legal doctrine, and relevant case law. It examines the mechanisms for verifying the legitimacy and identity of the contracting parties, as well as the types of evidence admissible in this contractual modality. Furthermore, it discusses the criteria for determining the competent jurisdiction to resolve disputes and the legal guarantees provided by Brazilian legislation applicable to online consumer relations. The study concludes that, although electronic contracts present particularities inherent to the virtual environment, Brazilian law provides effective instruments to ensure consumer protection and the legal security of such transactions.

The role of strategic consulting in the digital transformation of organizations

2025-07-22T20:37:00+02:00

Digital transformation has become a strategic imperative for organizations across various sectors, requiring deep changes in management models, operational processes, and organizational culture. In this context, strategic consulting emerges as a facilitator of change, contributing to the definition of digital guidelines, the alignment between technology and strategy, and the development of organizational capabilities. This article aims to analyze, through a narrative literature review, the role played by strategic consulting in the digital transformation of organizations. National and international publications from 2010 to 2025 were examined, based on relevant authors from the fields of management, innovation, and emerging technologies. The findings indicate that consulting practices range from digital maturity assessment to the implementation of technological solutions, increasingly mediated by digital platforms, artificial intelligence, and automation. Significant barriers were also identified, including resistance to change, strategic misalignment, and weak digital governance. It is concluded that strategic consulting, when integrated into institutional reality, plays a decisive role in building sustainable and adaptive digital trajectories.

Vulnerability and Cyber Risk Analysis in Public Wi-Fi Networks: A Case Study in the Food Court of Paseo Shopping Riobamba

2025-08-13T21:58:05+02:00

Public Wi-Fi networks in high-traffic commercial spaces present significant cybersecurity risks, often exacerbated by users' low security awareness. The objective of this case study was to analyze and assess the technical vulnerabilities and cybersecurity risks in the food court of the Paseo Shopping mall in Riobamba, Ecuador. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining a technical analysis of 15 detected Wi-Fi networks with surveys administered to a sample of 30 users and non-participant observation to evaluate knowledge, behavior, and risk perception. The results reveal a high-risk environment: 66.7% of the analyzed networks operate with null or obsolete security protocols. Concurrently, 73.3% of users possess low or no knowledge of common threats, and 60% admit to connecting to networks without verifying their security. Notably, 50% of respondents feel secure, showing a dangerous dissonance with the actual risk reality. A statistically significant negative correlation (ρ = -0.58, p < 0.05) was found between the level of knowledge and the frequency of risky behaviors. It is concluded that the convergence of a vulnerable infrastructure and an underprepared human factor creates a 'perfect storm' that significantly elevates the risk of incidents. Cybersecurity education emerges as the most critical intervention to foster responsible digital citizenship.

Benefits of physical activity in the face of longevity: a scoping review

2025-07-23T15:22:28+02:00

This study investigates the main benefits of physical activity for the health and well-being of the elderly, considering scientific evidence produced between 2006 and 2024. The general objective is to prove the importance of strength training for the health, well-being, and quality of life of the elderly. Specifically, it seeks to identify the main benefits of weight training for physical health, evaluate its influence on mental health, and determine its impact on the prevention of chronic diseases and functional autonomy. Methodologically, a qualitative bibliographic review is developed, analyzing articles published in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) database within the delimited period. Inclusion criteria cover works that address the topic comprehensively, as well as health manuals and protocols related to the research descriptors. Exclusion criteria eliminate references that do not cover the topic in its entirety. The results demonstrate that weight training promotes significant transformations in the physical health of the elderly, providing superior levels of muscle strength and functional capacity when compared to other exercise modalities. It is evidenced that resistance exercises have significant neuroprotective effects, contributing to the preservation of cognitive function and improvement of psychological well-being. Regular practice demonstrates proven effectiveness in preventing chronic diseases, controlling blood pressure, improving functional balance, and reducing the risk of falls. It is concluded that weight training constitutes a highly effective multidimensional intervention for healthy aging, recommending the implementation of specific programs supervised by qualified professionals.

Teaching statistics in the early years of elementary school

2025-07-23T15:44:38+02:00

Statistics for the initial years from 1st to 5th grade of elementary school is useful for children to have this contact from the beginning so that it is not something so distant from their educational reality where they have this support, for which purpose they like statistics and see it present in their teaching, statistics benefits in obtaining data, analyzing and interpreting it, helping in their daily lives, this teaching helps in their formation throughout the course of these initial educations so that children understand statistics in their school life. Finally, teachers can offer elements of their daily lives for them to analyze the data and obtain results.

Importance of Mathematical Games in Early Elementary Education

2025-07-28T12:31:42+02:00

The article emphasizes the need to assign educators the role of encouraging students to learn through mathematical games, making this playful approach a natural part of teaching in school environments. The goal is to engage students in the learning process, providing them with meaningful learning experiences and significantly improving their academic performance. When teachers incorporate these resources into the classroom, it helps students overcome difficulties and achieve better results in both learning and in understanding the content developed by the educator. As a result, the content studied is more likely to be retained, since games are designed to promote meaningful learning. It becomes clear that teachers should present their content in a fun and light-hearted way so that student engagement develops progressively. Mathematical games—and mathematics itself—require this approach to truly involve students with the subject matter and prevent learning from becoming monotonous.

Trends in access to medications for Myasthenia Gravis in Brazil, 2011 to 2023

2025-07-29T13:18:13+02:00

Objective: To identify access to medications for Myasthenia Gravis, a rare disease, in the Unified Health System. Methods: This is an ecological study, with a time series from 2011 to 2023, based on an analysis of the records of Authorizations for Outpatient Procedures in the Outpatient Information System, DATASUS. Demographic data and the type of medication authorized were analyzed, and the population-based access coefficient was calculated. Results: Given the total of 10,582 patients undergoing drug treatment, access showed an upward trend over the period [R²= 98.4%; Durbin-Watson = 0.459, p < 0.01]. On average, the coefficient was 0.41 patients per 100,000 inhabitants. There was a predominance of females and patients aged 50 or over (p < 0.05). Azathioprine (29.3%) and pyridostigmine (27.4%) as monotherapy and in combination therapy (22.6%) were more frequent. Conclusion: For the period studied, it was possible to identify an increase in the number of new cases of the disease, accompanied by an increase in procedure authorizations for access to specific drugs. There are limitations in terms of underestimating cases. Above all, the use of secondary records proved to be strategic in describing access to medicines for rare and degenerative diseases in the Unified Health System.

Advanced Practices in Maternal and Child Health

2025-07-30T20:33:09+02:00

This article presents a theoretical-critical reflection on advanced nursing practices in maternal and child health, with an emphasis on the role of obstetric nurses in the context of the Unified Health System (SUS). The analysis was structured around three thematic axes: the structural challenges of obstetric care in Brazil, the potential of advanced practice as a promoter of humanized care, and the political and institutional barriers to its implementation. It was shown that advanced practice represents a concrete alternative to reorganize the obstetric care model by expanding the role of nursing, favoring women's autonomy, and improving perinatal outcomes. However, its consolidation still faces regulatory obstacles, interprofessional disputes, and institutional weaknesses. Thus, the full adoption of advanced practice requires paradigmatic changes, investment in specialized training, and political recognition of the transformative role of obstetric nursing in strengthening the SUS.

The Use of geotechnologies in Biology Education: Challenges and Opportunities

2025-07-30T21:18:32+02:00

This article aimed to discuss the application of geotechnologies to Biology content, highlighting objectives, interactions with geotechnologies, the classroom approach and the tools and instruments to be adopted. It also proposed the use of geotechnologies in the context of other subjects such as Philosophy, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, History and Geography. The research was conducted in a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, involving literature review, document analysis, and the elaboration of a synthesis table. The contents of Ecology, Biological Evolution, Genetics and Epidemiology were listed, which the Biology teacher can explore together with the Geography teacher. In addition, ways were presented of how geotechnologies interact with the content, the teaching approach in the classroom and the tools and instruments needed. Content from other subjects such as Philosophy, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, History and Geography were also listed. Geotechnologies represent a significant advance for teaching, offering a range of opportunities for developing students' skills, provided that the challenges, such as the lack of adequate infrastructure, the need for continuing teacher training and the guarantee of digital inclusion for all students, are met. Although this work does not exhaust the interdisciplinary possibilities of geotechnologies, it seeks to serve as a guide for teachers in various areas.

Games and learning: the role of gamification in constructing mathematical knowledge

2025-07-31T14:16:46+02:00

Teaching mathematics is complex and challenging, as is learning the concepts. Because it is a subject with a large amount of content to be taught during the week, students often feel unmotivated to learn. The block that many people have, not just children, comes from the way in which the main concepts were taught during the early years of elementary school. This is the basis for the development of learning in the years to come. This article deals with the use of Gamification, an active methodology that, when used as a resource for teaching mathematics, brings a series of benefits to students and teachers. According to data from QEdu.com, the SAEB 2023 results for 5th grade classes in Maranhão were that only 2% of students have the level of learning considered sufficient for the stage (Proficient or Advanced level in Saeb). Aiming for better results in the year 2025, as well as meaningful learning for children, the municipal school system in Bacabal, Maranhão, has developed a series of mock exams to check learning of the content that will be included in the exam. Based on the results, the teachers at the U.E.F. started to use Gamification in the math content, held every 15 days, with problem situations based on the content that was taught during that period. The National Common Core Curriculum (2018, p.529) emphasizes that, “for the development of skills that involve reasoning, it is necessary that students can, in interaction with their peers and teachers, investigate, explain and justify the solutions presented to problems, with an emphasis on the processes of mathematical argumentation.” Thus advocating the use of digital technologies in learning and the development of skills such as creativity, critical thinking and problem solving.

The Brokerage Commission in Real Estate Development: A Legal Analysis in Light of the Principle of Good Faith

2025-08-01T13:30:15+02:00

This article analyzes the charging of brokerage fees within the scope of real estate development, questioning its compliance with the principle of good faith. The practice, frequently adopted by developers, involves passing the brokerage cost on to the buyer, often without due transparency, raising concerns about its legality and consumer protection. Through qualitative research, based on literature review and documentary analysis, the legal, doctrinal, and principled foundations underlying the issue were examined. The findings indicate that, although the transfer of this expense is allowed under certain circumstances, the absence of clear and prior information constitutes a breach of the duty of good faith, characterizing an abusive practice. It is concluded that adherence to the principle of objective good faith is essential to ensure contractual balance and security in consumer relations in the real estate market

Subjectivity and identity in old age – aging and LGBTQIA+ identities

2025-08-05T21:26:29+02:00

This article investigates the construction of identity and strategies of resistance among LGBTQIA+ older adults facing processes of social, affective, and political invisibility that shape their experiences in old age. Based on a qualitative and phenomenological approach, through narrative interviews, the study aims to understand how these individuals affirm or silence their identities in contexts marked by homophobia, transphobia, and ageism. The theoretical framework draws on Social Representations Theory and Intersectionality Studies, allowing for an analysis of the subjective effects of exclusion and the modes of personal and collective reinvention developed by this population. The findings reveal that, despite institutional marginalization and historical neglect, many LGBTQIA+ elders build networks of belonging and resilience that challenge normative discourses on aging and sexuality. This research contributes to expanding the field of psycho-gerontology by incorporating new narratives about aging and reaffirming the right to visibility, care, and dignity in dissident old age.

The kitchen as a sacred space in the Òrìṣà worship: introductory notes

2025-08-08T15:14:00+02:00

This article presents a reflection on the role of the kitchen in the Òrìṣá tradition as a sacred territory, where food not only nourishes the body but also serves as a vehicle of communication between the material (ayé) and spiritual (òrùn) worlds. Through a qualitative and exploratory approach, the research adopts the method of participant observation (Mónico et al., 2018) and incorporates an autoethnographic perspective (Balbina and Medeiros, 2021), as the authors are initiated practitioners who document ancestral knowledge from within. The theoretical framework draws on authors such as Juana Elbein dos Santos (2012), Pierre Verger (2023), Jacob Olupona (2011), Roger Bastide (1961), and Claude Lévi-Strauss (1976), highlighting the ritual, symbolic, and communal functions of food in traditional African religions. Key elements discussed include the role of the Ìyábase, sacred commensality, food taboos (Èèwọ̀), and the narratives in itan and odù Ifá that relate food to mythical stories and Òrìṣà preferences. The paper demonstrates how the preparation, consecration, and sharing of food reenact ancestral pacts within a cyclical understanding of time, reinforcing ties between individuals, the community, and deities. It concludes by framing food offerings as a form of radical hospitality that welcomes the sacred into everyday life and sustains ethical and spiritual equilibrium.

Role of the community health agent in monitoring individuals with arterial hypertension: a scoping review

2025-08-11T14:09:32+02:00

The Community Health Agent (CHA) performs an important role in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) and actively participates in health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH). Thus, a scoping review was carried out in January and February 2024, whose objective was to map scientific evidence on the performance of the CHA inserted in the FHS for the follow-up of people with SAH. This is a Scoping Review (ScR), according to the steps proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual. The protocol of this study was published in the Open Science Framework: DOI 10.17605/OSF. E/TFQNZ. The evidence was interpreted and related according to the Action Axes of the Cardiovascular Health Strategy in Primary Health Care. In the context of cardiovascular health, health education emerges as a crucial aspect, due to its importance in modifying lifestyle for the control and prevention of SAH. In the care axis, it includes the measurement of blood pressure at home by the CHA, a standardized practice, but associated with work overload and professional mischaracterization. Guidance on behavioral changes, effective communication, and counseling on healthy lifestyle, both for hypertensive and normotensive patients, in addition to home visits and active search for SAH patients for regular consultations were evidenced. The role of CHWs in the promotion and prevention of cardiovascular diseases is also highlighted, including the promotion of physical activity during home visits, with an impact on lifestyle changes in adults with risk factors. The importance of the participation of CHWs in blood pressure control and cardiovascular health promotion is recognized, emphasizing the need for continuous training and precise definition of their attributions within the Family Health team

Degradación Sistémica por Minería Aurífera Ilegal en la Amazonía de Ecuador: Un Análisis Integral de sus Consecuencias y Estrategias de Mitigación

2025-08-12T14:47:03+02:00

La extracción ilegal de aurífera en la Amazonía ecuatoriana ha precipitado una crisis socio-ecológica de carácter sistémico, intensificando la degradación ambiental, la fragmentación de los ecosistemas y la vulnerabilidad social. Este estudio examina meticulosamente las implicaciones multidimensionales (ambientales, sanitarias y socioterritoriales) de la contaminación fluvial, junto con las estrategias de mitigación y regulación existentes. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica, se evidenció una alarmante expansión geográfica de la minería ilegal en regiones delicadas como Zamora Chinchipe y Napo, con un incremento del 300% entre los años 2015 y 2021. La problemática de la contaminación hídrica es preocupante: se liberan anualmente 29,6 toneladas de mercurio, se emplea cianuro y se incrementa la carga sedimentaria, factores que modifican la hidromorfología fluvial. Las consecuencias biológicas son alarmantes, comprendiendo desde la bioacumulación de mercurio en organismos acuáticos hasta la amenaza a la seguridad alimentaria y a la salud humana, con un riesgo para la salud infantil que se duplica en escenarios de vivienda. Desde un punto de vista social, la minería ilegal se asocia con conflictos territoriales, la existencia de agrupaciones armadas y la falta de gobernanza. La implementación deficiente del marco jurídico actual, la vulnerabilidad institucional y la exclusión de las comunidades indígenas intensifican la problemática existente. Se concluye que una solución efectiva debería ser holística, integrando estrategias tecnológicas para una minería sin mercurio y biorremediación, con el robustecimiento de la gobernanza, la formalización de la minería artesanal y la promoción de alternativas económicas sostenibles como el turismo comunitario. La salvaguarda de la Amazonía ecuatoriana es fundamental para la preservación global, la protección de los derechos humanos y la estabilidad regional.

Assistive technologies for the retention of visually impaired students in higher education: results of the state of knowledge

2025-08-14T15:40:13+02:00

The objective of this article is to present the results of the state-of-the-art knowledge survey of the master's degree research project "Assistive technologies for the retention of students with visual impairments during the pandemic: experience reports of university students" (AMORIM, 2021). This review sought to analyze the academic production regarding the use of assistive technologies in teaching and learning for students with visual impairments. The corpus of analysis defined for this study consisted of 33 papers, including 29 dissertations and four theses, researched in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). Based on Bardin's (2016) principles of Content Analysis, the papers were categorized as Analog Technology, Digital Technology, Analog and Digital Technology. The results revealed the need to expand discussions on this topic in the context of higher education, since of the total analyzed, only three papers focused on this topic. Significant contributions were also identified in the use of assistive technologies to improve learning and enhance the retention of students with visual impairments in an increasingly equitable, welcoming, and inclusive academic trajectory.

Inclusive Education: Teaching Mathematics to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2025-08-14T15:52:02+02:00

Teaching mathematical content is cited as a challenging process for most autistic students, who are unable to understand the basic and more complex concepts of the subject. In this context, the objective of this study is to understand the main strategies used by teachers to expand the learning opportunities of Mathematics for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD. A bibliographic review of scientific articles published in the Capes Periodicals Portal database was carried out, collected using the keywords: autism spectrum disorder and mathematics. The following inclusion criteria were used: articles in Portuguese; published in the last 5 years, from 2020 to 2025; and with open access. Consequently, the exclusion criteria involved: international articles, published in other languages, before 2020 and with restricted access. Articles aimed at Early Childhood Education and the initial years of Elementary School were excluded; and those that addressed educational practice in teaching other subjects. The studies analyzed demonstrate that the main strategies for teaching Mathematics to students with ASD involve the use of hyperfocus to increase perception of the content covered in the classroom; insertion of maker culture in activities to improve the interactive and creative capacity of students with ASD; and use of digital technologies to expand learning opportunities, offering support during the approach to mathematical content and, consequently, facilitating the understanding of the content.

Peace and Prosperity: An Empirical Analysis Using GPI and GDP per Capita

2025-08-14T16:06:56+02:00

This paper investigates the empirical relationship between national peacefulness and economic wealth using recent cross-sectional data. By combining Global Peace Index (GPI) scores for 2023 with GDP per capita figures from the World Bank for the same year, the study analyzes a stratified sample of thirty countries divided into three groups: the ten most peaceful, ten mid-ranked, and the ten least peaceful countries. Descriptive statistics, summary measures, and a scatter plot reveal a clear pattern indicating that higher levels of peacefulness are generally associated with higher national income. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the full sample is –0.7544, confirming a strong negative linear relationship between GPI scores and GDP per capita. Although outliers such as Portugal, Slovenia, the United Arab Emirates, and the United States illustrate that peace and prosperity do not always align perfectly, the overall trend remains robust. These findings reinforce the theoretical claim that peaceful environments promote economic development by reducing the costs associated with conflict and insecurity, enhancing governance, and attracting investment. The paper also highlights that peace alone is not sufficient: factors such as governance quality, resource endowments, and technological capacity shape how peace translates into wealth. The results offer valuable insights for policymakers, suggesting that promoting peacefulness should be integral to development strategies aimed at sustainable growth. Future research could build on this evidence by employing panel data to track peace–prosperity dynamics over time and by incorporating broader development metrics beyond GDP per capita.