Approach to positional cranial asymmetries in hospitalized newborns: proposal for a multidisciplinary identification protocol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i18.2040Keywords:
Cranial asymmetries, positional plagiocephaly, intensive therapy, early intervention, neurodevelopmentAbstract
Introduction: Positional cranial asymmetries are alterations in head shape that are particularly common among premature newborns due to bone malleability and reduced cervical control. Factors such as prolonged hospitalization, prematurity, intrauterine positioning, mode of delivery, multiple pregnancies, among others, significantly contribute to the development of these deformities, which can impact child development. In this context, understanding the effects of hospitalization on newborns constitutes a starting point for reflection and enables the design of actions within the multidisciplinary team aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of the hospital environment. Objective: To develop a multidisciplinary identification protocol for positional cranial asymmetries in hospitalized newborns.Methodology: This study is based on a literature review of scientific databases, as well as classical texts and educational materials related to the topic. Articles published between 2014 and 2024 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, focusing on the assessment of infants at risk for or diagnosed with cranial asymmetries, were included. Following selection and analysis of the material, a qualitative multidisciplinary assessment protocol was developed to facilitate early identification and management of these conditions in hospitalized neonates.Results: The protocol was divided into two sections: (1) Maternal and newborn clinical history to monitor pre-, peri-, and postnatal factors; and (2) Application of the Argenta Scale and a visual identification checklist.Conclusion: Positional cranial asymmetries in hospitalized newborns reflect the impact of external factors on neurodevelopment, particularly in the context of prolonged neonatal intensive care. The role of the physical therapist, in collaboration with the multidisciplinary team, is crucial for the early identification and management of these deformities. This study proposes an accessible protocol for detecting these conditions, promoting early intervention. However, it emphasizes the need for future research to strengthen scientific evidence and validate clinical practices that ensure healthy neonatal development and improve the quality of hospital care.
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