Sustainable Technologies in Use, with a Focus on Solar Energy for Pumping and Community Microsystems

Abstract

This research examines the application of sustainable technologies, focusing on Solar Photovoltaic Energy (SPE) in Photovoltaic Pumping Systems (PVPS) and Community Microsystems, in the context of the growing global demand for sustainable development and universal access to basic services. The central objective is to analyze the technical and economic viability of these systems, exploring, above all, the crucial dimension of socio-technological integration necessary for their sustainability in rural and isolated areas. The methodology adopted is predominantly qualitative, based on descriptive and exploratory bibliographic research, through an in-depth review of specialized literature and official documents to analyze common goods management models and the cost-benefit ratio (CAPEX/OPEX). The results demonstrate that, although the high Initial Capital Cost (CAPEX) is a significant barrier, the solution is technically efficient and economically sustainable in the long term due to the low Operating Cost (OPEX) and long lifespan of the equipment. However, the critical success factor lies in governance; Sustainability requires the application of the principles of Social Technology and active community management, accompanied by a "structured interdependence" with continuous logistical and financial support from the public sector. It is concluded that the integration of the ESFV (Environmental Support for Sustainable Development) is a strategic imperative aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), demanding the urgent adoption of guidelines such as subsidized financing (e.g., Plano Safra) and continuous technical and managerial training, aiming to consolidate autonomy, equity in access to water, and sustainable development in Brazil.