Physiotherapy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Abstract

Introduction: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disease that primarily affects boys, characterized by the progressive loss of strength and skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle mass. Caused by a mutation in the DMD gene, the condition prevents the production of dystrophin, an essential protein for the integrity of muscle fibers. The progression of the disease results in mobility difficulties, the need for a wheelchair, and respiratory and cardiac complications, significantly reducing life expectancy. Objective: To evaluate the impact and importance of physical therapy in patients with DMD. Methods: A literature review was conducted in databases such as PubMed and Scielo, using search terms like "Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy,"      "physical therapy," and "rehabilitation in DMD." Results: Indicate that rehabilitation programs with passive stretching and proper positioning are effective in preventing contractures in patients with DMD. Respiratory exercises and ventilatory support reduce respiratory complications, while cardiovascular interventions assist in managing heart failure. Low-impact activities such as swimming and isometric exercises of low to moderate intensity improve motor function without causing damage. The use of corticosteroids is also crucial for preserving muscle function. Conclusion: Physical therapy is essential in the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, preventing complications and promoting quality of life. Personalized programs and a multidisciplinary approach are vital for optimizing functional benefits.