Impacto da Imunoterapia no tratamento do Melanoma: Uma Revisão de Escopo.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i18.2083Palavras-chave:
Neoplasias, Melanoma, Imunoterapia, Revisão de EscopoResumo
Contexto: O melanoma apresenta baixa incidência em comparação com outras neoplasias, mas é responsável por cerca de 80% dos óbitos relacionados aos cânceres de pele, devido ao seu rápido processo metastático e elevada letalidade. Nos últimos anos, terapias imunoterápicas têm revolucionado o tratamento do melanoma, destacando-se especialmente as abordagens combinadas com quimioterapia e radioterapia. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto e a eficácia da imunoterapia no tratamento do melanoma, por meio da análise de ensaios clínicos, testes medicamentosos e revisões recentes. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, do tipo revisão de escopo, conduzido conforme a diretriz PRISMA-ScR. A busca foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, utilizando critérios de elegibilidade que incluíram artigos publicados em inglês, entre 2019 e 2024, relacionados especificamente à imunoterapia aplicada ao melanoma. Resultados: Foram identificados 89 artigos. Diversas estratégias terapêuticas foram abordadas, incluindo combinações entre imunoterapia, terapias-alvo, radioterapia e linfócitos infiltrantes de tumor (TILs), além de tecnologias emergentes como o scRNA-seq e o uso combinado de anti-PD-1 e anti-LAG-3. Esses métodos mostraram resultados promissores, com mudanças significativas no prognóstico dos pacientes, embora ainda existam desafios a serem superados. Conclusão: Evidências crescentes apontam para o grande potencial da imunoterapia no tratamento do melanoma. Contudo, efeitos adversos de grau 3–4 observados em parte dos pacientes indicam que são necessários novos avanços para melhorar a segurança e a eficácia dessas abordagens.
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