Impact of Immunotherapy on Melanoma Treatment: A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55892/jrg.v8i18.2083Keywords:
Neoplasms, Melanoma, Immunotherapy, Scoping ReviewAbstract
Context: Melanoma has a lower incidence compared to other neoplasms but accounts for approximately 80% of deaths related to skin cancer, due to its rapid metastatic progression and high lethality. In recent years, immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized melanoma treatment, with particular emphasis on approaches combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Objective: To assess the impact and effectiveness of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma through the analysis of clinical trials, drug testing, and recent reviews.
Methods: This is a qualitative scoping review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guideline. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, using eligibility criteria that included articles published in English between 2019 and 2024, specifically related to immunotherapy applied to melanoma.
Results: A total of 89 articles were identified. Various therapeutic strategies were addressed, including combinations of immunotherapy with targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), as well as emerging technologies such as scRNA-seq and the combined use of anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3. These methods showed promising outcomes, with significant improvements in patient prognosis, although challenges still remain.
Conclusion: Growing evidence highlights the significant potential of immunotherapy in melanoma treatment. However, grade 3–4 adverse effects observed in some patients indicate that further advances are needed to improve the safety and efficacy of these approaches.
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References
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